Gained first experience in his chosen field by working in a camera shop. With the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War I. Following studies at Columbia University, active as a still photographer, becoming a motion picture cinematographer by 1919. At Pathe/RKO in 1929, then MGM (1930-1933), Universal (1933-1936) and Hal Roach Studios (1937-1943). Acquired a reputation as an 'outdoor cameraman'. Joined 20th Century Fox under a six-year contract in 1943. His most highly regarded work there was
Kiss of Death (1947). Worked exclusively in television after 1953.