After a training for artistic art he went to the theater where he created the set for numerous performances, among others also for his brother, the director Ludwig Berger.
With the rise of the sound film he founded his own production company together with Curt Oertel and he became specialised to documentaries.
Ludwig Berger brought him to the film business and Rudolf Bamberger worked as a production designer for the next few years by designing the set for the movies of his brother.
Rudolf Bamberger was married with the actress Hanna Waag.
The production designer made a commercial apprenticeship, besides he also studied music in Leipzig.
His film career came soon to an end when the National Socialists seized the power. As a Jew he was no longer able to work and he emigrated via Paris and London to Luxembourg. There he earned his living as a worker in a brewery.
In 1944 he was arrested and deported to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau where he died the following year.