Woody has Mel Blanc's voice in the opening titles ("Guess who?"), the opening song (which comes from Woody Woodpecker (1941) (1941) and when he issues the more characteristic of his two crazy laughs. Otherwise, his voice is probably Ben Hardaway's.
Woody cries, "You bwoke my widdle head! You cwacked my widdle skull!" He's echoing the catchphrases of Red Skelton's popular radio character, the Mean Widdle Kid.
At the end of the wolf's pleading speech, he adds "Mammy!" The reference is to Al Jolson who famously cried out the same thing in "My Mammy," a popular sentimental song. Hear the song on YouTube (posted by eecgn2) here.
Sort of. The wolf throws a cuckoo clock at Woody, which crashes over his head. But Woody doesn't seem too upset about it; and he gets out of paying back the loan.