The first officer's PADD lists her name as Lt Commander Una. Una means one in both Spanish and Italian, and in the original pilot The Cage (1966), Captain Pike referred to this character only as "Number One".
Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Robert S. Chabon, the episode writer's father.
Working title was "Chaos Theory".
Second instance of the song "I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General" on Star Trek, after Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987) - Disaster (1991), in which Geordi La Forge sang it to Dr. Crusher. Besides the song, these two episodes also share the scenario in which people are trapped in a turbo lift and end up exiting through the roof.
Q&A is the first episode in Star Trek ever scored by a female composer: Nami Melumad. With Michael Giacchino overseeing the scoring process, the orchestral music, including the end credits fanfare, was recorded at Warner Brothers.