The Punisher's ally Micro (Ebon Moss-Bachrach) was once mentioned in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013) by Skye as a hacker in the Rising Tide group, and later in Daredevil (2015) as a disc with his name on it.
The Punisher made his first appearance in the pages of "The Amazing Spider-Man #129" in February 1974. He was originally going to be a second-string character due to his penchant for killing, but due to his popularity, he became a more prominent figure in the larger Marvel Universe.
Stan Lee has a cameo in a poster like the other Marvel-Netflix series, but it's brief and very easy to miss.
While waiting for Frank in the woods, David (Micro) Lieberman is seen reading the book Life of Pi by Yann Martel. Earlier, when Frank visits Lieberman's house, Leo (Micro's daughter) discusses the book with Frank while repairing the car. She then gives him her copy to read.